Non-Aligned foreign ministers’ conference opens in Luanda

The Coordinating Bureau convened an extraordinary session after a call from Yasser Arafat. Ministers demanded Israeli withdrawal and sought to strengthen support for Palestinian rights and the PLO.

Leaders met amid the Iran-Iraq War, occupation in Palestine and Namibia, apartheid and worsening debt and development pressures. The summit called for disarmament, a more equitable economic order...

Ministers sought regional cooperation and security while reaffirming non-intervention, sovereignty, self-determination and peaceful coexistence. The meeting shows the movement adapting its...

The final declaration opposed bloc politics and called for decolonization and peaceful settlement of disputes. It also treated regional security as a shared concern rather than a matter reserved to...

Gorbachev’s leadership initiated reforms and a changing relationship with the United States. As superpower tensions eased, NAM faced a strategic question: how to preserve its purpose when bloc...

The ministers reaffirmed support for anti-colonial struggles and called for a fairer economic order. The documents show NAM’s effort to combine political solidarity with development cooperation and...

Governments and anti-apartheid advocates debated sanctions and international pressure. NAM states supported stronger measures, while Western governments remained divided over the costs and...

The conference’s proposals fed into UN debate on ending apartheid and Namibia’s illegal occupation. The issue illustrated how NAM diplomacy worked alongside liberation movements and international...

The summit placed apartheid and Namibia at the center of the international agenda. Representatives of liberation movements, including Oliver Tambo, pressed governments to move beyond condemnation...

The summit called for intensified action against apartheid, support for liberation movements and assistance to frontline states. This was a major effort to turn NAM’s anti-racist commitments into a...