Mikhail Gorbachev becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party

The invasion and siege of Beirut displaced civilians and targeted Palestinian organizations. NAM’s diplomatic support for Palestine was now tested by a major regional war and the limits of...

The Coordinating Bureau convened an extraordinary session after a call from Yasser Arafat. Ministers demanded Israeli withdrawal and sought to strengthen support for Palestinian rights and the PLO.

Leaders met amid the Iran-Iraq War, occupation in Palestine and Namibia, apartheid and worsening debt and development pressures. The summit called for disarmament, a more equitable economic order...

Ministers sought regional cooperation and security while reaffirming non-intervention, sovereignty, self-determination and peaceful coexistence. The meeting shows the movement adapting its...

The final declaration opposed bloc politics and called for decolonization and peaceful settlement of disputes. It also treated regional security as a shared concern rather than a matter reserved to...

The conference focused on international peace, economic cooperation and support for liberation in southern Africa. Hosting the meeting in Angola made the region’s struggles against apartheid and...

The ministers reaffirmed support for anti-colonial struggles and called for a fairer economic order. The documents show NAM’s effort to combine political solidarity with development cooperation and...

Governments and anti-apartheid advocates debated sanctions and international pressure. NAM states supported stronger measures, while Western governments remained divided over the costs and...

The conference’s proposals fed into UN debate on ending apartheid and Namibia’s illegal occupation. The issue illustrated how NAM diplomacy worked alongside liberation movements and international...

The summit placed apartheid and Namibia at the center of the international agenda. Representatives of liberation movements, including Oliver Tambo, pressed governments to move beyond condemnation...