Havana summit adopts its final declaration

The Colombo summit addressed disarmament, Palestine, southern African liberation and economic cooperation. It promoted collective self-reliance while the movement continued to debate how to remain...

The summit called for cooperation among developing countries and supported the New International Economic Order. Its program sought to convert the political solidarity of decolonization into...

Foreign ministers met to coordinate positions ahead of the 1979 summit, including on Palestine and liberation struggles. The meeting showed how NAM used regular diplomatic machinery to amplify...

The Coordinating Bureau’s final communiqué called for Palestinian rights and opposition to occupation and colonialism. Such statements strengthened international advocacy, though they did not...

The summit convened amid debate over Cuba’s close relationship with the Soviet Union and the meaning of non-alignment. It showed the movement’s breadth and its internal disagreements about whether...

The seizure followed the Iranian Revolution and the admission of the deposed Shah to the United States for medical care. The crisis became a major confrontation over sovereignty, revolution and...

The agreement ended the Lancaster House negotiations and established the terms for a ceasefire, elections and transition from white-minority rule in Rhodesia. Independence followed in 1980, although...

The Soviet intervention intensified a conflict already shaped by Afghan political upheaval and Cold War competition. At the UN, many states defended Afghanistan’s sovereignty and debated the...

A group of UN members asked the Council to consider the crisis in Afghanistan. The request shows how states outside the superpowers used multilateral procedures to contest interventions and invoke...

At its sixth emergency special session, the Assembly adopted resolution ES-6/2 calling for the withdrawal of foreign troops and respect for Afghanistan’s sovereignty and non-alignment. The vote...