Tricontinental Conference opens in Havana

The United States confronted the Soviet Union over missiles in Cuba. The crisis placed newly independent states under intense pressure to choose sides and underscored why NAM members argued that...

War between India and China strained solidarity among states associated with Bandung. The conflict showed that non-alignment could not prevent interstate disputes and that national security priorities...

Thirty-two independent African states founded the Organization of African Unity. The charter linked sovereignty with continental unity and support for liberation, creating a major regional partner for...

The second summit met as membership and the range of issues expanded. Delegates reaffirmed opposition to colonialism and neo-colonialism and discussed economic development, African liberation and...

The final documents emphasized cooperation with African states and opposition to imperialism and neo-colonialism. They also reflected the difficulty of turning a diverse coalition into a common...

The conference created an organization for solidarity among peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Its support for armed liberation struggles widened the anti-imperialist agenda but also...

Israel launched attacks on Egypt, Jordan and Syria, beginning a war that resulted in occupation of additional Palestinian and Arab territories. The conflict intensified NAM’s support for Palestinian...

A ceasefire halted the fighting, leaving Israel in control of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem and Golan Heights. For NAM states, the occupation reinforced the links among...

The NPT sought to limit the spread of nuclear weapons while recognizing a special status for the five states that already possessed them. Many non-aligned states supported disarmament but criticized...

Soviet-led forces invaded Czechoslovakia and reversed its reform movement. The intervention tested NAM’s commitment to sovereignty and non-interference when coercion came from a socialist great...