Cairo preparatory conference for the Belgrade summit opens

Soviet troops entered Budapest and suppressed the uprising. The episode exposed a tension for anti-imperialist diplomacy: opposition to Western intervention did not erase the need to criticize...

Activists and representatives from across Africa and Asia met to build solidarity beyond formal governments. The gathering linked national liberation to popular movements, labor, culture and...

African political parties, trade unions and liberation movements assembled to coordinate the struggle against colonial rule and apartheid. Its people-centered pan-Africanism overlapped with, but was...

The session opened as newly independent states entered the United Nations in growing numbers. Their presence began to shift debate away from an international order dominated by colonial powers,...

Resolution 1514 (XV) declared that colonial subjection violated fundamental rights and called for an end to colonialism. Anti-colonial states helped make decolonization a central UN question, though...

The preparatory meeting set criteria to distinguish non-alignment from formal alliance membership and to support anti-colonial policy. These criteria reflected a negotiated coalition rather than a...

Twenty-five countries attended the first summit. Leaders sought an independent role in world affairs, opposed colonialism and racism, and pressed for disarmament and peaceful coexistence. The...

The summit declaration called for ending colonialism, reducing international tensions and preventing nuclear war. It asserted that newly independent states could shape world policy without becoming...

The United States confronted the Soviet Union over missiles in Cuba. The crisis placed newly independent states under intense pressure to choose sides and underscored why NAM members argued that...

War between India and China strained solidarity among states associated with Bandung. The conflict showed that non-alignment could not prevent interstate disputes and that national security priorities...