India signs a memorandum of obligations for SCO membership

The heads of government reviewed public-health coordination, including information on infectious diseases. Cooperation in this field linked health systems with cross-border monitoring and emergency...

The Zhengzhou communique endorsed continued cooperation in education, culture, and people-to-people contact. These initiatives broadened the organisation’s public-facing agenda beyond state security...

At their Tashkent meeting, security council secretaries reviewed regional threats and prepared for the June heads-of-state summit. Their discussions treated enlargement as part of a...

The Council of Foreign Ministers met in Tashkent to review SCO cooperation and prepare documents for the heads-of-state meeting. The ministerial process shows how the organisation builds consensus...

The declaration reviewed the Organisation’s first fifteen years and reaffirmed its principles of mutual trust, equality, consultation, respect for cultural diversity, and common development. These...

Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations as part of the accession process begun in 2015. The procedure required applicants to accept the SCO’s existing treaty framework before admission.

The Tashkent summit adopted a programme to develop cooperation in tourism among member states. Cultural exchange and heritage travel became part of the organisation’s wider connectivity agenda.

The heads linked regional cooperation with a more balanced international system and a larger role for states outside established Western institutions. This claim marks an aspiration for agenda-setting...

The Tashkent text renewed security cooperation under the SCO’s established threat categories. A decolonial reading notes how this framework centers territorial integrity and state authority.

The declaration addressed Afghanistan and called for coordinated regional and international efforts. Afghanistan remained an observer and partner, not a member of the organisation.