Astana Declaration reiterates that the SCO is not a military alliance

The Council of Heads of Government established the Interbank Consortium to support bank services and financing for government-sponsored investment projects. This created a potential channel for...

At the Astana summit, the six member states granted India, Iran and Pakistan observer status. This widened formal access to SCO dialogue without giving the three states the decision-making rights of...

The six member states issued a declaration reaffirming cooperation and the organization’s role in international affairs. The statement presented the SCO as a growing regional voice, but claims about...

The declaration advanced a more democratic and equitable international order and emphasized sovereign equality and respect for national choices. This challenged post-Cold War hierarchy and...

The Astana summit statement called on coalition forces in Afghanistan to set a timetable for temporary use of infrastructure and bases in member states. It reflected member governments’ desire to...

The Astana Declaration urged cooperation across economic and cultural fields as well as security. The breadth of its agenda expressed an alternative regional vision, but concrete gains depended on the...

The member states presented their consultation as an increasingly influential platform in international affairs. A decolonial assessment treats this as an effort to claim agenda-setting power, while...

The heads of government confirmed the Interbank Consortium as a practical economic cooperation mechanism. It aimed to facilitate finance for infrastructure, basic industries, high technology,...

The six governments signed the Agreement on Interbank Cooperation within the SCO, giving legal form to a mechanism for financing and servicing investment projects. The agreement offered a regional...

The heads of state reviewed the organization’s first five years and renewed its stated mission of peace, cooperation and development. The declaration presented the SCO as a regional institution with a...