Iran, Russia and Turkey sign Syrian de-escalation memorandum

Iran and Russia signed state export-credit agreements for a thermal power plant and electrification of the Garmsar–Incheh Borun railway, linking finance to infrastructure projects.

The foreign ministers of Iran, Russia and Turkey issued a joint declaration in Moscow supporting a Syrian political settlement and setting out principles for further cooperation.

Russia voted for Security Council Resolution 2336, which welcomed Syria ceasefire efforts and looked toward Astana negotiations where Iran would join Russia and Turkey.

Syrian government and armed opposition representatives began talks in Astana, supported by Iran, Russia and Turkey, with the UN participating in efforts to strengthen the ceasefire.

Hassan Rouhani and Vladimir Putin held talks in Moscow and issued a joint statement advancing nuclear, economic and regional cooperation, alongside agreements signed during the visit.

Iran hosted the second trilateral summit with Russia and Azerbaijan in Tehran, continuing the regional dialogue begun in Baku and discussions of practical cooperation.

Rouhani, Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdogan met in Sochi and issued a joint statement on Syria, linking their Astana cooperation to efforts toward a political process.

After the United States announced withdrawal from the JCPOA, Russia criticised the decision and affirmed continued cooperation with the other participants, supporting Iran’s diplomatic position.

Iran and the Eurasian Economic Union, including Russia, signed an interim agreement leading toward a free-trade area, broadening the institutional framework for economic ties.

Hassan Rouhani and Vladimir Putin met during the SCO summit in Qingdao, maintaining presidential dialogue after the United States withdrew from the Iran nuclear agreement.