Iran and USSR settle frontier and financial claims

More than 100 leaders and prominent members left Tudeh amid disputes following the Azerbaijan crisis and the failed Soviet oil project.

Tudeh convened its second congress in Tehran and strengthened its Leninist organization after the postwar setbacks.

At its seventh-anniversary celebrations, Tudeh leaders condemned Tito’s split with Stalin and reaffirmed their loyalty to the Soviet Union.

An attempt to assassinate Mohammad Reza Shah was followed by the banning of Tudeh and affiliated organizations, driving the Soviet-linked party underground.

A CIA–MI6-backed coup overthrew Mohammad Mossadegh. The ensuing suppression of Tudeh narrowed the Soviet-linked left’s political space and strengthened the Shah’s Western orientation.

Iran deposited its accession instruments for the Baghdad Pact. Western security alignment increased tension with Moscow, which opposed Iran’s participation.

Mohammad Reza Shah and Queen Soraya arrived in Moscow for a state visit, showing that Western alignment still allowed direct diplomacy with the Soviet leadership.

Iran and the USSR signed a treaty on their frontier regime and procedures for investigating and settling border disputes and incidents.

Iran and the USSR agreed on equal shares of frontier river water and power resources and joint studies for irrigation and electricity projects on the Aras and Atrak.

Soviet–Iranian non-aggression talks ended without agreement amid disagreement over Iran’s Baghdad Pact membership and its planned defense agreement with the United States.