Anglo-Persian agreement provokes sovereignty concerns

Article 10 of the Brest-Litovsk armistice recognized neutral Iran’s territorial inviolability and provided for Russian and Ottoman troop withdrawal. Iran’s situation entered the peace negotiations.

Trotsky informed Iran that Soviet Russia rejected the Anglo-Russian convention of 1907. Iran sought release from the arrangement that had allocated foreign spheres of influence.

An Iranian memorandum offered negotiations for treaties based on equality. Tehran sought to turn Russia’s revolutionary declarations into a different diplomatic relationship.

Article 7 of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty committed the parties to respect Iran’s political and economic independence and territorial integrity. Iran was affected without being a signatory.

Karakhan’s note announced the Soviet rejection of tsarist privileges in Iran. It became a reference point for the later friendship treaty.

Soviet forces landed at Anzali to seize a White Russian fleet sheltered there. Their intervention displaced British forces and opened a new phase in the Iranian Jangali movement.

A Soviet diplomatic note claimed the Anzali operation occurred without prior central approval. Iran confronted intervention despite Moscow’s language of non-interference.

The Bolshevik Politburo approved material assistance for Kuchik Khan’s movement. Support for local revolution coexisted uneasily with Soviet diplomatic assurances to Iran.

Kuchik Khan proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran in Rasht. The alliance linked Iranian resistance to foreign domination with Soviet-backed revolution, while differences persisted.

The first communist congress in Iran opened in Anzali, meeting through 25 June. Delegates debated national liberation and social revolution amid Soviet involvement in Gilan.