Further white phosphorus evidence at Kafr Kila

The Lebanon–Israel exchange of letters was registered with the UN Treaty Secretariat under number 57582. Registration provides a formal treaty record; it does not settle disputed land boundaries.

UN Treaty records register a communication by Lebanon relating to the 2022 maritime agreement. This is a later treaty-record development, not a separate armed resistance action.

Hezbollah and Israeli forces began exchanges of fire across the Blue Line. Hezbollah presented its operations as solidarity with Palestinians in Gaza; the fighting displaced civilians on both sides.

Human Rights Watch verified footage of Israeli white phosphorus airbursts at Boustane on this date; the mayor said many villagers were still present. Civilian exposure and displacement became...

Human Rights Watch identified visual evidence of white phosphorus use at Kafr Kila and Mays al-Jabal on this date. The evidence forms part of its investigation of civilian risks.

Human Rights Watch cited imagery from this date as evidence of another white phosphorus incident in Kafr Kila. The organisation could not determine whether military targets were present.

Verified imagery reviewed by Human Rights Watch showed white phosphorus use in Markaba. Concerns focused on proximity to civilian homes and risk of fires.

Human Rights Watch identified footage from Aita al-Chaab showing white phosphorus components landing on residential buildings. The incident contributed to its broader findings.

Human Rights Watch reported evidence of white phosphorus munitions in 17 southern Lebanese municipalities since October 2023, including airbursts over populated areas in five.

The Security Council adopted resolution 2749, demanding full implementation of resolution 1701 and calling for cessation of hostilities. The UN mission remained deployed amid cross-border fighting.