Hezbollah issues its Open Letter

A later anniversary account identifies an operation at Sanayeh in Beirut on 20 September as the front’s first resistance action. This illustrates the rapid move from proclamation to underground...

Following widespread criticism, the Israeli government established a commission of inquiry chaired by Yitzhak Kahan. Its findings were issued in February 1983, distinguishing direct militia...

The agreement provided for withdrawal arrangements and bilateral security measures. Lebanese and Syrian opponents argued that the accord compromised sovereignty while Israeli and US officials framed...

Israel began withdrawing from the Shouf area; fighting between Lebanese factions intensified after the pullback. Resistance pressure was one factor in the broader military and political environment,...

The Lebanese cabinet formally cancelled the unratified 1983 agreement, after intense domestic and Syrian opposition. The government called for security arrangements consistent with Lebanese...

The Israeli government announced withdrawal but maintained a border security zone with the South Lebanon Army and Israeli support. The UN Secretary-General warned that the arrangement violated...

Israeli forces announced completion of their redeployment while continuing to hold a southern security zone with the South Lebanon Army (SLA). Lebanese resistance organisations regarded this as...

Security Council resolution 575 renewed UNIFIL. Subsequent UN reporting described almost daily attacks by Lebanese resistance groups on Israeli and SLA positions, restrictions on peacekeeper...

Contemporary reporting described hundreds of prisoners held by the Israeli-backed SLA at Khiam, with independent access restricted. Families and rights advocates challenged detention practices;...

US Marine colonel William R. Higgins, serving as a UN observer, was abducted in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah denied responsibility for the kidnapping; the episode contributed to escalating tensions...