Lebanese National Resistance Front (Jammoul) is proclaimed

The withdrawal of Palestinian fighters from Beirut began under a negotiated arrangement overseen by a multinational force. From the perspective of the PLO, the evacuation preserved its leadership...

The evacuation of Palestinian armed personnel from the Beirut area was completed by 1 September. PLO leadership and fighters were dispersed to other countries; Palestinian civilians remaining in...

Lebanon’s president-elect Bashir Gemayel was assassinated. The killing intensified the political crisis; Israeli forces entered West Beirut the next day. The assassination does not justify the...

Israeli forces moved into West Beirut after Gemayel’s assassination, despite the ceasefire framework. Armed resistance to their advance was reported in the Israeli Kahan Commission record. The...

Between 16 and 18 September Lebanese Forces/Phalangist militiamen massacred Palestinian and Lebanese civilians in the Sabra and Shatila area. Israeli forces controlled surrounding areas and...

UN Security Council Resolution 520 condemned Israeli incursions into Beirut, demanded a return to positions held before 15 September and reaffirmed Lebanese sovereignty. It was an international...

UN observers entering the area found groups of bodies of civilians and reported evidence of a massacre. Their observations became an important contemporaneous record of atrocities and contributed to...

A later anniversary account identifies an operation at Sanayeh in Beirut on 20 September as the front’s first resistance action. This illustrates the rapid move from proclamation to underground...

Following widespread criticism, the Israeli government established a commission of inquiry chaired by Yitzhak Kahan. Its findings were issued in February 1983, distinguishing direct militia...

The agreement provided for withdrawal arrangements and bilateral security measures. Lebanese and Syrian opponents argued that the accord compromised sovereignty while Israeli and US officials framed...