Factional fighting resumes in Gaza

Palestinian armed groups attack an Israeli military post near Gaza, killing soldiers and capturing Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit; Israel launches major operations afterward.

Israel launches a major military operation in Gaza after the capture of Gilad Shalit, with severe consequences for Palestinian civilians and infrastructure.

Israeli artillery shells strike homes in Beit Hanoun, killing Palestinian civilians. The incident prompts international condemnation and scrutiny.

Saudi-mediated agreement seeks to end Palestinian factional fighting and establish a national unity government. It temporarily provides a framework for power sharing but does not resolve security...

A government including Hamas, Fatah and independents takes office following the Mecca Agreement. Its short tenure illustrates the fragility of reconciliation amid external pressure and internal...

Israel closes the Karni crossing, severely restricting Gaza commercial goods movements; a limited grain conveyor remains operational. Date is reported in the UN humanitarian chronology.

After several days of armed factional conflict, Hamas assumes control of Gaza. Fatah-led Palestinian Authority institutions remain dominant in the West Bank. OCHA reports heavy Palestinian...

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas declares a state of emergency, dissolves the unity government and appoints Salam Fayyad prime minister, deepening the institutional split.

President Abbas names ministers of a new emergency government in the West Bank after the Gaza split. Its legitimacy and relationship with the elected legislature are contested.

UN chronological review records a decree by President Abbas banning armed militias, amid continuing disputes over Palestinian security authority and armed resistance.