Fatah and Hamas sign Mecca Agreement

Palestinians vote in legislative elections; Hamas’s Change and Reform list wins a parliamentary majority, reshaping Palestinian politics.

A government led by Ismail Haniyeh takes office after the legislative elections amid disputes over recognition, aid and relations with Israel.

Palestinian armed groups attack an Israeli military post near Gaza, killing soldiers and capturing Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit; Israel launches major operations afterward.

Israel launches a major military operation in Gaza after the capture of Gilad Shalit, with severe consequences for Palestinian civilians and infrastructure.

Israeli artillery shells strike homes in Beit Hanoun, killing Palestinian civilians. The incident prompts international condemnation and scrutiny.

A government including Hamas, Fatah and independents takes office following the Mecca Agreement. Its short tenure illustrates the fragility of reconciliation amid external pressure and internal...

OCHA records renewed intense fighting between Hamas-affiliated forces and Fatah after an earlier ceasefire. The violence precedes the June division of Palestinian governing institutions.

Israel closes the Karni crossing, severely restricting Gaza commercial goods movements; a limited grain conveyor remains operational. Date is reported in the UN humanitarian chronology.

After several days of armed factional conflict, Hamas assumes control of Gaza. Fatah-led Palestinian Authority institutions remain dominant in the West Bank. OCHA reports heavy Palestinian...

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas declares a state of emergency, dissolves the unity government and appoints Salam Fayyad prime minister, deepening the institutional split.