Operation Summer Rains begins

Israel completes removal of permanent ground troops and settlements from inside Gaza; control of airspace, maritime access and most crossings remains central to debates over the territory’s legal...

Israeli and Palestinian representatives reach an agreement concerning Gaza crossings and movement after disengagement; implementation remains uneven.

Palestinians vote in legislative elections; Hamas’s Change and Reform list wins a parliamentary majority, reshaping Palestinian politics.

A government led by Ismail Haniyeh takes office after the legislative elections amid disputes over recognition, aid and relations with Israel.

Palestinian armed groups attack an Israeli military post near Gaza, killing soldiers and capturing Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit; Israel launches major operations afterward.

Israeli artillery shells strike homes in Beit Hanoun, killing Palestinian civilians. The incident prompts international condemnation and scrutiny.

Saudi-mediated agreement seeks to end Palestinian factional fighting and establish a national unity government. It temporarily provides a framework for power sharing but does not resolve security...

A government including Hamas, Fatah and independents takes office following the Mecca Agreement. Its short tenure illustrates the fragility of reconciliation amid external pressure and internal...

OCHA records renewed intense fighting between Hamas-affiliated forces and Fatah after an earlier ceasefire. The violence precedes the June division of Palestinian governing institutions.

Israel closes the Karni crossing, severely restricting Gaza commercial goods movements; a limited grain conveyor remains operational. Date is reported in the UN humanitarian chronology.