Hamas-led Palestinian government sworn in

A broad coalition of Palestinian civil society organisations called for boycott, divestment and sanctions until Israel complied with international law and Palestinian rights.

Israel begins evacuating settlers from Gaza under its unilateral disengagement plan. Palestinian factions and observers disagree over its implications for occupation and sovereignty.

Israel completes removal of permanent ground troops and settlements from inside Gaza; control of airspace, maritime access and most crossings remains central to debates over the territory’s legal...

Israeli and Palestinian representatives reach an agreement concerning Gaza crossings and movement after disengagement; implementation remains uneven.

Palestinians vote in legislative elections; Hamas’s Change and Reform list wins a parliamentary majority, reshaping Palestinian politics.

Palestinian armed groups attack an Israeli military post near Gaza, killing soldiers and capturing Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit; Israel launches major operations afterward.

Israel launches a major military operation in Gaza after the capture of Gilad Shalit, with severe consequences for Palestinian civilians and infrastructure.

Israeli artillery shells strike homes in Beit Hanoun, killing Palestinian civilians. The incident prompts international condemnation and scrutiny.

Saudi-mediated agreement seeks to end Palestinian factional fighting and establish a national unity government. It temporarily provides a framework for power sharing but does not resolve security...

A government including Hamas, Fatah and independents takes office following the Mecca Agreement. Its short tenure illustrates the fragility of reconciliation amid external pressure and internal...