Israeli troops complete Gaza withdrawal

Mahmoud Abbas wins the Palestinian Authority presidential election following Arafat’s death; the vote takes place under conditions of continuing occupation.

Abbas and Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon announce a cessation of violence at a summit in Egypt; implementation and underlying issues remain contested.

A broad coalition of Palestinian civil society organizations issues a call for boycott, divestment and sanctions until Israel complies with international law and Palestinian rights.

A broad coalition of Palestinian civil society organisations called for boycott, divestment and sanctions until Israel complied with international law and Palestinian rights.

Israel begins evacuating settlers from Gaza under its unilateral disengagement plan. Palestinian factions and observers disagree over its implications for occupation and sovereignty.

Israeli and Palestinian representatives reach an agreement concerning Gaza crossings and movement after disengagement; implementation remains uneven.

Palestinians vote in legislative elections; Hamas’s Change and Reform list wins a parliamentary majority, reshaping Palestinian politics.

A government led by Ismail Haniyeh takes office after the legislative elections amid disputes over recognition, aid and relations with Israel.

Palestinian armed groups attack an Israeli military post near Gaza, killing soldiers and capturing Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit; Israel launches major operations afterward.

Israel launches a major military operation in Gaza after the capture of Gilad Shalit, with severe consequences for Palestinian civilians and infrastructure.