Black September attacks the Israeli Olympic team in Munich

Organizations/movement: PLO factions; Jordanian army. Action: Armed confrontation escalated between Palestinian factions and the Jordanian state. Result: Heavy fighting undermined the factions’...

Organizations/movement: PFLP foreign operations branch. Action: The branch hijacked civilian airliners during 6–9 September and later destroyed evacuated aircraft in Jordan. Result: The PLO central...

Organizations/movement: PLO factions. Action: After the Jordan conflict, armed organizations shifted their principal bases to Lebanon. Result: By summer 1971 their armed presence in Jordan had been...

Organizations/movement: Birzeit College. Action: The college expanded to bachelor’s programmes in arts and sciences. Result: A local institution developed university-level education under...

Organizations/movement: Family Revival Society; Committee for Social Research and Heritage. Action: Khalil established a committee to collect and study Palestinian popular heritage. Result: Research...

Organizations/movement: PLO Research Center. Action: Darwish moved to Beirut and worked at the Research Center. Result: A leading poet became part of the movement’s intellectual institutions. Impact /...

Organizations/movement: Islamic Center (al-Mujamma‘ al-Islami); Muslim Brotherhood. Action: Yasin established an institution offering religious, social, cultural, health and sporting services. Result:...

Organizations/movement: Palestine National Front; PLO. Action: The front called for coordinated defence of land, economy, culture, prisoners and mass organizations. Result: Its programme linked...

Organizations/movement: Palestinian literary movement. Action: Habibi published a satirical novel about Palestinian life within Israel. Result: The novel gained recognition as a major literary...

Organizations/movement: Palestine National Council; PLO. Action: The PNC proposed establishing national authority on any liberated part of Palestinian territory. Result: The interim programme...