Al-Ard organizes for equality and Palestinian self-determination

Organizations/movement: Gaza nationalist, communist and Islamist networks. Action: During the 1956–1957 occupation, Abd al-Shafi acted as an intermediary among different political currents opposing...

Organizations/movement: Palestinian citizens’ opposition; Israeli Communist Party. Action: Toubi published a document on the killing of civilians at Kafr Qasim, contributing to efforts to expose the...

Organizations/movement: Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM). Action: Habash announced the movement at a general congress following several years of organizing. Result: A secular pan-Arab framework...

Organizations/movement: Palestinian citizens’ protest movement. Action: Palestinians inside Israel staged a general strike protesting the massacre. Result: A collective public action challenged the...

Organizations/movement: Palestinian National Liberation Movement (Fatah). Action: A small Palestinian group developed an independent movement and founding organizational documents in Kuwait. Result: A...

Organizations/movement: General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS). Action: Palestinian student associations established a transnational union in Cairo. Result: Students gained a common framework...

Organizations/movement: Fatah; Filastinuna–Nida’ al-Hayat. Action: The Beirut periodical began publishing arguments associated with Fatah and independent Palestinian mobilization. Result: Its...

Palestinian student associations convened in Cairo and founded the General Union of Palestine Students (GUPS), building a cross-border organisation for students and national political mobilisation....

Organizations/movement: Palestinian Arabic literary movement. Action: Darwish published his first poetry collection, Asafeer bila Ajniha. Result: A new Palestinian poetic voice entered Arabic public...

Organizations/movement: Fatah; Algerian supporters. Action: Fatah opened an office in newly independent Algeria and developed relations with its government. Result: The movement gained an external...