Tawfiq Toubi documents the Kafr Qasim massacre

Organizations/movement: Palestinian Student Union in Cairo. Action: Arafat began a period of leadership in the Palestinian Student Union while studying in Cairo. Result: The union provided a forum for...

Organizations/movement: Arab Development Society (ADS). Action: Alami opened a vocational training centre for orphaned and disadvantaged refugees. Result: It provided education and livelihood...

Organizations/movement: Gaza refugee protest movement; communists; Islamists; Supreme National Committee. Action: Following an Israeli raid, protesters mobilized across Gaza against relocating refugee...

Organizations/movement: Palestine Arab Refugee Office (PARO). Action: A Palestinian refugee advocacy office opened in New York. Result: An institutional platform for presenting the refugee question...

Organizations/movement: Gaza nationalist, communist and Islamist networks. Action: During the 1956–1957 occupation, Abd al-Shafi acted as an intermediary among different political currents opposing...

Organizations/movement: Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM). Action: Habash announced the movement at a general congress following several years of organizing. Result: A secular pan-Arab framework...

Organizations/movement: Palestinian citizens’ protest movement. Action: Palestinians inside Israel staged a general strike protesting the massacre. Result: A collective public action challenged the...

Organizations/movement: Palestinian National Liberation Movement (Fatah). Action: A small Palestinian group developed an independent movement and founding organizational documents in Kuwait. Result: A...

Organizations/movement: Al-Ard movement. Action: Palestinian citizens of Israel established an independent nationalist movement addressing discrimination, land loss and national rights. Result: The...

Organizations/movement: General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS). Action: Palestinian student associations established a transnational union in Cairo. Result: Students gained a common framework...