The Native (Black) Urban Areas Act was passed on 14 June 1923. It gave white municipalities powers to regulate African townships, restrict African property rights in locations and remove people deemed “surplus” to local labour needs. The ANC opposed the Act through its newspaper Abantu-Batho. The law institutionalised a labour-migration system in which African presence in cities was treated as conditional on white employers’ demand.
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How did the 1923 Urban Areas Act regulate African city life?
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The Act made African residence and property rights conditional and empowered white local authorities.
The 1923 Urban Areas Act gave African residents unrestricted property rights in urban locations.
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The Act restricted property rights and strengthened municipal control over African residence.