Iran opens Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas 2 in Iraqi Kurdistan

Geoffrey Howe raised Soviet cooperation on an arms embargo with Shevardnadze, according to a later British parliamentary account.

At his summit-ending press conference, Gorbachev argued for more time for UN diplomacy on the war, leaving the U.S. push for an immediate embargo unresolved.

An Iranian technical delegation arrived in Ankara to negotiate a proposed route from Khuzestan to Turkey’s Mediterranean coast. The project sought an overland alternative for oil exports.

In a letter to Khamenei, Khomeini argued that government authority could override other obligations when necessary. His examples included conscription and economic regulation, issues central to Iran’s...

Madarshahi informed the UN of alleged chemical artillery fire at Sardasht on 11 January, reporting injuries without a precise casualty total.

The offensive in the Mawat area ended after Iranian forces secured some high ground but failed to transform the front. Limited results and heavy costs reinforced the strategic deadlock of the war’s...

Iran and New Zealand reached an agreement exchanging Iranian crude for meat and dairy products. The arrangement used oil to obtain food while Iran faced wartime economic constraints.

Shultz proposed a mandatory embargo with a thirty-day delay during Moscow talks. Shevardnadze stressed Soviet concerns over Iraq’s staying power and the U.S. Gulf fleet.

An Iraqi air attack damaged Tehran’s refinery. The strike deepened pressure on domestic fuel supplies before the renewed missile campaign against the capital.

Reports described Iraqi bombing of a Tehran hospital and the first reported Iraqi missile attack on the capital. Iran had fired missiles at Baghdad earlier that day.