Iran begins Operations Dawn 5 and Dawn 6

Missile and air attacks on urban centres intensified during the first half of February. Iranian civilians faced the direct effects of a conflict that increasingly targeted cities as well as military...

The Secretary-General wrote to Iran’s foreign minister about a proposed fact-finding mission. International documentation of wartime harm was an important part of Tehran’s diplomatic campaign.

The ICRC issued another memorandum concerning prisoner protections in the conflict. Its continuing appeals showed that previous interventions had not settled humanitarian concerns.

Iran’s UN correspondence reported Iraqi missiles damaging homes, a hospital and a school in Dezful. The account documents Iranian claims about harm to civilian services.

Ali Akbar Velayati welcomed fact-finding but accused Iraq’s supporters of obstructing an effective UN response. His letter sought examination of chemical warfare evidence and documented Iran’s...

Iranian jets attacked Baghdad’s outskirts and a nearby city in retaliation for Iraqi raids. Iraqi reporting described civilian casualties, exposing the harm of reciprocal urban attacks.

Velayati told the Conference on Disarmament that Iranian chemical casualties exposed a gap between treaty negotiations and effective protection against chemical warfare.

The period of intensified attacks on cities ended without a durable settlement or effective protection for civilians. The escalation showed how each side used urban bombardment to impose costs and...

The linked offensives ended after a large-scale advance along the central front. Their limited results contrasted with Iran’s simultaneous major push toward Basra and the Majnoon Islands, illustrating...

Iran reported renewed alleged chemical bombing and said information had been forwarded to the International Committee of the Red Cross, hoping it would establish facts and prepare a report.