Iran opens an offensive near Amara, called Operation Dawn

Iranian forces opened an offensive in the southern sector. The operation sought to break Iraqi defenses but failed, demonstrating that Iran’s post-1982 cross-border offensives faced formidable...

The offensive in the Musian area concluded without achieving its principal objective. Iran continued to mobilize volunteers and conduct repeated offensives, while Iraq increasingly relied on defensive...

Iran’s ambassador later identified 2 March as the date of an Iraqi attack on offshore oil wells. The damaged Nowruz facilities became a major pollution and repair crisis.

Iran’s delegation said it would continue the war despite Indira Gandhi’s appeal for peace. Competing Iranian and Iraqi demands complicated the Non-Aligned summit.

Iran demanded that Iraq apologize for bombing its oil wells. Both countries had agreed to attend pollution talks but had not accepted a ceasefire for repairs.

The April offensive ended without a decisive breakthrough. Repeated Iranian ground assaults and Iraq’s defensive system produced a prolonged war of attrition, with neither side able to convert...

Rafsanjani’s diary records a missile strike on Dezful the previous night. His account describes debate over retaliation and Khomeini’s instruction to exercise patience.

The ICRC handed 32 Iranian prisoners held by Iraq to Iranian representatives, according to its contemporary external-activities report.

The ICRC sent a memorandum to states party to the Geneva Conventions concerning the Iran–Iraq conflict. It sought action over breaches of humanitarian protections.

George Shultz met Tariq Aziz to discuss the war and bilateral relations. The meeting formed part of a growing U.S.–Iraqi dialogue as Iran sought to sustain pressure on Iraq.