Freedom Riders leave Washington to challenge interstate segregation

The General Assembly adopted resolution 1514(XV), calling for an end to colonialism and affirming self-determination. Newly independent states helped strengthen anticolonial demands internationally....

UNESCO adopted a convention addressing discriminatory exclusion, inferior educational provision and unequal treatment. It supplied an international framework for changing education laws and practices....

Black protesters sat at a segregated lunch counter in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Nine accepted imprisonment rather than paying fines after their convictions. Their choice challenged the financial...

Nationalists attacked detention facilities in Luanda in an attempt to release prisoners held under Portuguese rule. The confrontation became a major landmark in Angola’s liberation struggle. It...

The court acquitted the remaining defendants after a prosecution that had begun with mass arrests in 1956. Congress Alliance activists had endured years of proceedings over their challenge to...

White mobs attacked Freedom Riders in Anniston and Birmingham; a bus was burned outside Anniston. The violence sought to prevent implementation of desegregation rights. Riders’ experiences exposed the...

Student activists from Nashville resumed the rides after violence threatened to end the campaign. Diane Nash helped coordinate their continuation. The decision demonstrated that organized local...

A three-day stay-at-home campaign began against the establishment of a republic without equal political participation. Mandela and other organizers demanded a democratic national convention. The...

Leaders gathered in Belgrade, then in Yugoslavia, for the first Non-Aligned summit, held through 6 September. The meeting linked opposition to colonialism with efforts to exercise independent...

Algerians demonstrated in Paris against a curfew imposed specifically on Algerians during the independence war. Police under Maurice Papon carried out lethal repression, with protesters killed and...