Von Trotha issues an extermination order against the Herero

Delegates from Africa and the diaspora met in London to discuss racial discrimination and political rights. Henry Sylvester Williams helped organize the gathering. Bringing struggles together across...

Filipino fighters attacked the American garrison at Balangiga during resistance to United States rule. Church bells signaled the action. The attack and the destructive reprisals that followed belong...

Australia enacted the Immigration Restriction Act, a central instrument of the White Australia policy. The dictation test enabled discriminatory exclusion. The event explains an institution later...

The Commonwealth Franchise Act extended federal voting rights to many women but excluded most Aboriginal people and others by racial categories, subject to exceptions. The contrast shows that a...

Herero people rose against German colonial rule after mounting land loss and abuse. The conflict challenged an order that restricted African freedom and privileged settlers. German authorities...

Black activists met near Niagara Falls in Canada and rejected accommodation to racial inequality. They demanded voting rights, equal treatment, and educational opportunity. Their position challenged...

Colonial forces defeated participants in Bambatha’s rebellion at Mome Gorge. Resistance had challenged a poll tax and wider colonial burdens. Bambatha was reported killed, although later accounts...

Four Egyptian villagers were executed and others publicly punished after a confrontation involving British officers. The proceedings and punishments provoked criticism of the occupation. Denshawai...

The Niagara Movement convened at Storer College in Harpers Ferry. Holding an open meeting built support for uncompromising civil rights demands. The location associated with John Brown’s antislavery...

A mass meeting of Indians in Johannesburg pledged resistance to proposed discriminatory registration requirements. Collective refusal became a foundation of satyagraha. The campaign targeted state...