Métis defenders confront Canadian forces at Batoche

Spanish authorities executed three Filipino priests accused of involvement in the Cavite mutiny. Their treatment became a symbol of injustice within colonial rule and the church. The memory of...

After a long flight from forced relocation, a Nez Perce group ceased fighting at Bear Paw, close to Canada. Chief Joseph’s surrender followed a siege that endangered families as well as fighters....

Zulu fighters defeated a British force at Isandlwana during the invasion of the Zulu kingdom. The victory demonstrated organized African resistance and challenged claims of inevitable European...

A federal judge ruled that Standing Bear and his companions were persons entitled to seek habeas corpus. Their challenge arose after forced removal of the Ponca. Recognition protected freedom from...

Armed colonial forces invaded Parihaka, arrested its leaders, and dispersed residents. Te Whiti and Tohu’s community had practiced nonviolent resistance to land confiscation. The invasion shows that...

Canadian forces captured Batoche after Métis defenders ran short of ammunition. The defeat broke the provisional government’s military resistance, but did not erase Métis demands concerning land and...

Louis Riel was hanged for treason after the North-West Resistance. His leadership centered Métis land and political rights. The execution shows how the settler state criminalized resistance to its...

Brazil’s Golden Law abolished slavery after sustained abolitionist action and enslaved people’s resistance. It offered no comprehensive redistribution of land or compensation to formerly enslaved...

US soldiers killed Lakota men, women, and children at Wounded Knee during an effort to disarm a group led by Spotted Elk. The massacre occurred amid suppression of the Ghost Dance and confinement on...

Homer Plessy deliberately sat in a railway compartment reserved for white passengers and was arrested. The organized test challenged Louisiana’s Separate Car Act. The campaign targeted segregation...