Anne Miller receives penicillin in New Haven

The 11 January trial should not be confused with the more effective purified extract given on 23 January.

After the earlier limited-response injection, a preparation purified by Collip produced a marked improvement.

The second series of injections substantially reduced symptoms and biochemical evidence of diabetes.

Collip’s chemistry helped turn an experimental extract into a useful clinical treatment.

The achievement involved the patient and researchers Banting, Best, Collip and Macleod.

Penicillin was flown to the hospital and delivered in time for Miller’s first dose.

Miller became one of the earliest US patients whose life was saved by penicillin therapy.

The episode illustrated the need to manufacture enough penicillin for wider access during wartime.

The founding constitution established an international body devoted to health as a fundamental human right.

WHO formally came into being as countries sought coordinated approaches to disease and health care.