Modern scholarship restores a neglected Persian contribution

The lander brought instruments for local study; later results should be dated to their separate announcements.

The successful descent created the opportunity to deploy a small rover for lunar surface exploration.

The paper gathers evidence on his observations, instruments, longitude methods and criticism of predictive astrology.

The study argues that his device anticipated later techniques for reading subdivisions on a measurement scale.

Avicenna defended mathematical and observational study of the heavens while rejecting claims of certain prediction about human affairs.

The publication places manuscript astronomy, pharaonic timekeeping and Indigenous seasonal knowledge within a long continental history.

The authors ask who produces, validates, publishes and owns knowledge generated by African researchers.

African research may be performed locally while prestige, archives and citation systems remain concentrated outside the continent.

The paper calls for stronger African journals, repositories and institutions able to preserve and circulate the continent's intellectual work.