Cardinal directions can be determined from the sky

The target was the hot gas giant HAT-P-7b, observed for atmospheric signatures.

The milestone reflects decades of research by many teams using the orbiting observatory.

The selected observation illustrates how exoplanets became part of Hubble’s science program.

The publication surveys calendars, navigation, cardinal directions, eclipses, meteor impacts and oral explanations of the sky.

Astronomical knowledge appears within social responsibilities, stories, ceremonies and relationships with land.

The overview rejects portrayals of Indigenous Australians as passive observers without systematic knowledge.

Researchers surveyed villages across central India to document sky stories and observational traditions among Gond communities.

The study shows that familiar star patterns are not universal and can be grouped according to distinct cultural histories.

Celestial observations interact with agriculture, ritual, ancestry and community identity.

Gond astronomy continues to change, and researchers must avoid treating communities as frozen remnants of the past.