Khomeini returns to Iran

Military and state institutions lost cohesion as popular committees, strikes and revolutionary leadership gained practical power.

Prison doors opened for activists from Islamist, Marxist and other opposition currents as the royal security system disintegrated.

The releases embodied a central revolutionary demand: freedom for those imprisoned for resisting monarchy and repression.

Former prisoners entered a rapidly changing public arena in which diverse revolutionary organizations competed over Iran's future.

The return of well-known prisoners reminded the public of SAVAK, military trials and the suppression of organized opposition.

The public reception demonstrated the scale of revolutionary mobilization and Khomeini's central symbolic authority.

At the graves of those killed in the struggle, he honored the martyrs and rejected the legitimacy of the Bakhtiar government.

Revolutionary leadership moved from exile to Tehran while the royal government retained offices but rapidly lost popular authority.

Bazargan was asked to form a provisional government and organize the transition to a new republic.

Bazargan's appointment joined the Islamic leadership with a veteran nationalist and supporter of Mossadegh.