Western oil companies regain a dominant role

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi returned from exile with his position strengthened by the army and Western support.

The post-coup political order weakened parliamentary independence and increased repression of nationalist, communist and religious opponents.

A military court sentenced the former prime minister to three years in solitary confinement. He later remained under house arrest until his death.

The conviction symbolized the closure of the constitutional-nationalist path associated with Mosaddegh and the repression of organized opposition.

The agreement restored foreign companies to Iran’s oil industry through a consortium, although formal ownership remained Iranian. Critics viewed it as a retreat from genuine national control.

Opponents argued that the consortium showed how political dependency limited the meaning of formal nationalization.

Teachers gathered outside the Majles demanding better pay and conditions. The protest expressed wider anger about inequality and authoritarian government.

A police officer shot teacher Abolhassan Khanali during the demonstration. His death became a symbol of professional and popular resistance.

Strikes and public mourning after Khanali’s killing contributed to the resignation of Prime Minister Jafar Sharif-Emami.

The six-point programme combined land reform, privatization, electoral changes and state-directed modernization. Supporters welcomed reform, while opponents criticized authoritarian implementation and...