The ANC and PAC receive observer status at the UN

Restriction orders targeted Steve Biko, Barney Pityana and other SASO and BPC activists, limiting movement, meetings and public speech.

Police killed eleven miners and injured twenty-seven during a wage confrontation, exposing the violence sustaining racial labour exploitation.

The General Assembly approved the convention defining apartheid as a crime and creating duties to suppress and punish it under international law.

Tiro, a student leader living in exile, was assassinated near Gaborone. His killing showed the reach of political violence beyond South Africa's borders.

SASO and the BPC organized rallies supporting FRELIMO and African decolonization. Police suppression and later prosecutions turned the campaign into a major confrontation with Black Consciousness.

Fourteen people were arrested under the Terrorism Act. Nine leading activists were later prosecuted in a lengthy trial that gave Black Consciousness ideas a public platform.

The centre coordinated research, international campaigns and support for action against apartheid, institutionalizing the United Nations' anti-apartheid work.

Thousands of school students marched against compulsory Afrikaans instruction and Bantu Education. Police opened fire, killing Hector Pieterson, Hastings Ndlovu and others, and the revolt spread...

The uprising continued as young people and residents confronted police and symbols of apartheid authority. News of the killings drove solidarity protests elsewhere.

Students met to support the Soweto uprising and decided to boycott classes, helping carry youth resistance into the Western Cape.