Historical Person

Katherine Johnson

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📍 United States

Katherine Johnson

Gender: Female

Related Events

Katherine Johnson is born

📅 26 August 1918

Johnson became a research mathematician whose trajectory calculations supported early United States human spaceflight.

Johnson calculates orbital paths

📅 26 August 1918

Her work helped determine launch windows, return routes and rendezvous procedures for Mercury and Apollo missions.

John Glenn asks Johnson to verify electronic calculations

📅 26 August 1918

Her hand check of the orbital numbers shows how human mathematical judgment remained essential during early computerization.

Johnson crosses racial and gender barriers at NASA

📅 26 August 1918

Her career developed within segregated Virginia workplaces where Black women often lacked title, credit and promotion equal to their responsibilities.

Apollo 11 lands on the Moon

📅 20 July 1969

The lunar module reached the Moon after a mission dependent on trajectory design, numerical simulation, navigation and real-time calculation.

Katherine Johnson's mathematics supports Apollo

📅 20 July 1969

Johnson calculated and checked trajectories and helped design procedures for synchronizing spacecraft in lunar orbit.

Human and electronic computers share responsibility

📅 20 July 1969

Mainframes, onboard guidance, ground teams and hand-prepared backup charts formed one distributed calculating system.

The Moon landing reflects Cold War priorities

📅 20 July 1969

Its mathematics produced a historic achievement while relying on immense state spending, military technology and geopolitical competition.