📅 25 December 1904
Nicholas II issued a decree promising changes in administration while rejecting representative government. The measure failed to satisfy demands for political reform. The source date is 12 December...
📅 19 January 1905
At meetings of Gapon’s organization, workers proposed a peaceful procession to present Nicholas II with a petition covering labour conditions and political rights. The source date is 6 January Old...
📅 22 January 1905
Troops fired on peaceful processions of workers and their families approaching the Winter Palace with a petition to Nicholas II. The killings destroyed popular faith in the tsar and triggered a...
📅 23 January 1905
Authorities placed the capital under military control after Bloody Sunday. Gapon denounced the tsar and urged resistance. The source date is 10 January Old Style.
📅 28 January 1905
Nicholas II replaced Pyotr Sviatopolk-Mirsky with Alexander Bulygin as minister of the interior. Bulygin was later assigned to design a consultative assembly. The source date is 15 January Old Style.
📅 3 March 1905
Nicholas II instructed Alexander Bulygin to prepare proposals for an elected consultative body. The promised Duma would initially have no legislative power. The source date is 18 February Old Style.
📅 19 August 1905
The government announced an indirectly elected consultative Duma with a restricted franchise. Revolutionary organizations and many liberals rejected the proposal as inadequate. The source date is 6...
📅 30 October 1905
Nicholas II promised civil liberties and a legislative Duma after the general strike paralysed the empire. Liberals welcomed the concessions, but many workers and socialists continued to demand deeper...
📅 1 November 1905
Sergei Witte was appointed chairman of a reorganized Council of Ministers and charged with implementing the constitutional promises while restoring state authority. The source date is 19 October Old...
📅 14 January 1917
Russian troops defended positions near Riga while the wider army suffered low morale, shortages and growing disbelief in the war's aims. The source date is 1/1/1917 Old Style.
📅 14 January 1917
By the beginning of 1917, mass desertion, hunger among soldiers’ families and war exhaustion revealed the breakdown of imperial military authority. The source date is 1/1/1917 Old Style.
📅 23 February 1917
Duma chairman Mikhail Rodzianko told the tsar that serious political concessions were needed to prevent national upheaval. Nicholas II rejected the warning. The source date is 2/10/1917 Old Style.
📅 27 February 1917
The Bolshevik Petrograd Committee urged workers to move beyond support for the Duma and struggle directly against the autocracy. The source date is 2/14/1917 Old Style.
📅 7 March 1917
The tsar departed for Mogilev at the moment when shortages, strikes and political opposition were converging in the capital. The source date is 2/22/1917 Old Style.
📅 10 March 1917
The commander of the Petrograd Military District announced that force would be used to end street protests. The source date is 2/25/1917 Old Style.
📅 11 March 1917
Soldiers acting under government orders shot striking workers. The bloodshed accelerated disobedience inside the garrison. The source date is 2/26/1917 Old Style.
📅 15 March 1917
Under pressure from political and military leaders, Nicholas II renounced the throne, ending more than three centuries of Romanov rule. The source date is 3/2/1917 Old Style.
📅 15 March 1917
Nicholas II attempted to transfer the crown to his brother Michael, but Michael refused to rule without approval from a future representative assembly. The source date is 3/2/1917 Old Style.
📅 16 March 1917
The Soviet Executive Committee demanded the detention of the former tsar to prevent restoration of imperial authority. The source date is 3/3/1917 Old Style.
