📅 4 Augustus 1811
British forces landed on Java during the Napoleonic Wars, attacking a colony administered by Dutch personnel under French imperial authority. For Javanese people the invasion meant another...
📅 8 Augustus 1811
The colonial capital surrendered during the British invasion. Control of Batavia gave Britain the administrative center, but the population had no meaningful say in the change of sovereignty.
📅 26 Augustus 1811
British forces captured Fort Cornelis, breaking the main defensive position of the Dutch-French colonial army on Java. The battle opened the way to British occupation; European military accounts often...
📅 18 September 1811
The formal capitulation transferred Java to British rule. Raffles later changed land and trade policies, but British rule remained colonial rule. For island communities it was another externally...
