📅 11 Mei 1647
Pieter Stuyvesant arrived to govern New Netherland. Dutch rule was layered over Lenape and other Indigenous homelands and relied on unequal trade, land pressure, and military power. The colony also...
📅 2 Februari 1653
The WIC granted New Amsterdam a city charter. The legal change formalized Dutch municipal authority on Lenape land and served colonial settlement and commerce. African residents, including enslaved...
📅 5 September 1655
A Dutch expedition under Stuyvesant departed to retake the Swedish colony on the Delaware. The campaign sought to consolidate Dutch claims against a European rival, while the river and its surrounding...
📅 11 September 1655
Dutch troops captured Fort Christina, which they renamed Fort Altena, and brought New Sweden under Dutch control. This transfer between European empires furthered colonial settlement on Indigenous...
📅 15 September 1655
An Indigenous force attacked New Amsterdam in an episode later called the Peach War. The label and surviving accounts reflect colonial perspectives; the violence occurred amid Dutch encroachment and...
📅 8 September 1664
Dutch officials surrendered New Netherland to an English fleet, and New Amsterdam became New York. The transfer changed the European ruler but left Indigenous land claims and African enslavement...
