The Parmentier arrives with 533 workers embarked from Pondicherry and Karikal and 514 recorded as arriving. The voyage shows that the 1861 convention’s protections existed alongside continuing...
The Nicolas-Poussin arrives from Pondicherry and Karikal with 277 workers embarked and 275 recorded as arriving. This later convoy shows that the indenture system persisted beyond its first arrivals...
The Duguay-Trouin arrives from Pondicherry and Karikal with 412 workers embarked and 400 recorded as arriving. The archive-based chronology notes that officials refused immediate landing and moved the...