📅 6 December 1865
The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified, abolishing slavery except as punishment for crime. Emancipation resulted from generations of resistance, the Civil War, Black military service, and political...
📅 9 April 1866
The act recognized national citizenship and declared equal civil rights for people born in the United States, including formerly enslaved people. It answered Black Codes and racial violence that...
📅 9 July 1868
The amendment made people born or naturalized in the United States citizens and required states to provide due process and equal protection. It overturned the citizenship logic of Dred Scott, though...
📅 13 May 1888
On 13 May 1888, the Senate approved the abolition bill and Princess Regent Isabel sanctioned Law no. 3,353, the Lei Áurea. Its two brief articles ended slavery in law across Brazil. The law did not...
📅 20 May 1888
In Fortaleza, the abolitionist association Perseverança e Porvir held a public session celebrating the end of slavery in Brazil. The meeting, attended by representatives of different social groups,...
📅 29 August 1793
Under pressure from the uprising and the struggle to retain the colony, Sonthonax proclaimed freedom for enslaved people in the northern province. The decree was a decisive local abolition, won in a...
📅 31 October 1793
Commissioner Étienne Polverel issued emancipation measures covering the colony’s western and southern provinces, completing the local abolition begun in the north. Proclamations differed in timing and...
📅 25 July 1838
On 25 July 1838, Governor George Fitzgerald Hill recommended ending predial (field) apprenticeship, and Trinidad’s Council of Government passed an ordinance making it end on 1 August. The 1833...
📅 4 November 1848
Article 6 of the Constitution of the Second Republic states that slavery cannot exist on any French territory. The constitutional guarantee followed emancipation in French Guiana and made abolition...
📅 30 April 1849
A law provides indemnities to colonial owners after abolition. The state compensated former enslavers for the loss of people it had treated as property; formerly enslaved people received no equivalent...
📅 24 November 1849
A decree fixes the modalities for paying indemnities to owners in former slave colonies, including French Guiana. The compensation system directed state resources to property claimants rather than...
📅 11 July 1851
A national law provides for colonial banks, including a bank in French Guiana. The scheme was tied to the post-emancipation economy and was discussed as a possible source of credit for freedpeople...
📅 12 November 1851
The 1851 colonial-bank law is promulgated in French Guiana. Although proponents described colonial banks as a possible source of loans for new freedpeople to acquire land, the banking framework also...
📅 10 August 1848
On 10 August 1848, abolition took legal effect in French Guiana. In the following years, many formerly enslaved people left plantations. Historical research records some establishing small...
📅 30 March 1854
Five days after public promulgation of the 1854 abolition law, President José Gregorio Monagas issued regulations for its administration. The system required abolition boards to register formerly...
