📅 9 November 1942
German forces established a presence in Tunisia after the Allied landings in neighboring Algeria and Morocco. Tunisia was a French protectorate under Vichy authority; the short German-Italian...
📅 23 November 1942
German authorities arrested prominent members of Tunis’s Jewish community, including community president Moïse Borgel, and took some as hostages. Jewish communal institutions were placed under...
📅 6 December 1942
SS officer Walter Rauff ordered Tunisian Jewish leaders to provide men for forced labor. Roughly 5,000 Jewish men were conscripted during the occupation and sent to labor and detention camps; this was...
📅 13 May 1943
German and Italian forces in Tunisia surrendered to the Allies, ending the Axis occupation and the forced-labor camp period there. Jewish communities emerged from months of coercion and deprivation;...
