đź“… 5 September 1848
Following Muhammad Shah’s death, Nasir al-Din Shah became ruler. His long reign intensified state centralization and foreign borrowing and concessions, while court officials, provincial communities,...
đź“… 15 August 1852
A group of BábĂs attempted to assassinate the Shah near Niyavaran. The attempt failed; state reprisals followed against BábĂs and others, including the killing of Táhirih and the torture and execution...
đź“… 1 November 1856
After Qajar forces took Herat, Britain declared war and framed its intervention through the defense of Afghanistan and British India. The episode reflects the imperial strategic logic of the “Great...
đź“… 4 March 1857
Under the treaty, Iran agreed to evacuate Herat and renounce claims over the city and Afghanistan; Britain agreed to withdraw its forces. The settlement privileged British strategic objectives and...
đź“… 25 July 1872
Nasir al-Din Shah granted Baron Julius de Reuter sweeping privileges involving railways, mines, irrigation, forests, and other resources. The concession was exceptional in scope and provoked...
đź“… 1 January 1873
The Qajar government withdrew the Reuter concession amid domestic opposition, Russian pressure, and concern about its extraordinary reach. Iranica and British parliamentary records describe its...
đź“… 30 January 1889
A new concession authorized a British-backed Imperial Bank of Persia, which received note-issuing privileges and became a major foreign financial institution in Iran. The deal illustrates how...
đź“… 1 January 1889
During Nasir al-Din Shah’s third European tour, the government granted Major G. F. Talbot a monopoly over Iran’s tobacco production, sale, and export; it was ratified in 1890. The concession...
đź“… 5 January 1892
The government formally cancelled the tobacco concession after months of protest and boycott. The success of the campaign demonstrated the political force of coordinated action across bazaars,...
