Workers and trade-unionists from several countries founded the First International at St Martin’s Hall. Marx drafted its inaugural address and rules, but the association’s political force came from...
Marx argued to workers that wages and profits arose from antagonistic social relations, challenging the view that higher wages alone could end exploitation. The lecture was published only after his...
The General Council backed Polish national independence, linking resistance to imperial domination with international worker solidarity. Marx helped draft the resolution, but the debate also reflected...
Delegates debated trade unions, working hours, education, and political organization. Marx prepared instructions for the congress, but the policy agenda emerged from national labor movements and...
The International’s General Council warned workers against identifying with either ruling class and called for solidarity across borders. The statement opposed chauvinism and anticipated the war’s...
