📅 1 September 1939
The invasion began the European war. The Soviet-German pact’s secret arrangements shaped the partition of Polish territory, while civilians faced invasion, occupation, and displacement.
📅 12 Januari 1945
The Red Army launched an offensive that drove German forces west and brought Soviet troops into central Europe. It advanced the defeat of Nazi Germany while extending Soviet military and political...
📅 4 Juli 1946
Local residents and members of Polish security forces attacked surviving and returning Jews in Kielce; 42 Jews were killed. The pogrom drew on entrenched antisemitism and blood-libel allegations and...
📅 1 September 1939
Nazi Germany invaded Poland on 1 September, claiming fabricated border incidents as pretext. The invasion combined conventional warfare with terror against civilians and plans for racial conquest....
