📅 1 January 1804
After defeating French forces, Haiti declares independence and becomes the first independent Black republic. The state challenged the racial order of Atlantic slavery and inspired both hope among...
📅 1 January 1804
Haiti declared independence, following a revolution in which formerly enslaved people defeated French efforts to restore colonial rule. It became the first independent state born from a successful...
📅 31 March 1816
The expedition sailed from Los Cayos, Haiti, on 31 March 1816 to renew the independence struggle in Spanish America. Haitian authorities and communities provided refuge, logistical support, and...
📅 2 June 1816
The revised Constitution of 1806 was approved at Grand-Goâve on 2 June 1816. Article 1 stated that slavery could not exist in the Republic and was forever abolished. The constitutional guarantee...
📅 29 July 1800
On 29 July 1800, André Rigaud left Saint-Domingue for France after his forces lost the War of the South. The departure ended organized resistance to Toussaint’s military control in the south, but...
📅 13 October 1802
Alexandre Pétion and Clervaux deserted the French side and joined the insurgency, followed by troops under their command. Their choice reflected mounting fear that French rule would strip Black and...
📅 18 May 1803
At the Arcahaie congress, revolutionary leaders adopted a flag formed by removing the white band from the French tricolor and joining blue and red. Haitian tradition associates the act with Dessalines...
📅 17 February 1807
After the conflict following Dessalines’s assassination, Henri Christophe’s northern State of Haiti adopted a constitution on 17 February 1807, while Alexandre Pétion’s southern and western Republic...
📅 2 January 1816
President Alexandre Pétion received Simón Bolívar in Haiti after the independence struggle in Venezuela had suffered setbacks. Haiti offered refuge and promised material support for a renewed...
📅 2 June 1816
Following Haitian assistance, Bolívar issued an emancipation decree in Carúpano, Venezuela, on 2 June 1816. The decree did not immediately end slavery throughout the region, but it reflected the...
