📅 1 Yanüari 1804
After defeating French forces, Haiti declares independence and becomes the first independent Black republic. The state challenged the racial order of Atlantic slavery and inspired both hope among...
📅 1 Yanüari 1804
Haiti declared independence, following a revolution in which formerly enslaved people defeated French efforts to restore colonial rule. It became the first independent state born from a successful...
📅 29 Yanüari 1802
A French expedition commanded by Charles Leclerc reached Cap-Français to reassert metropolitan authority over Saint-Domingue and displace Louverture’s autonomous government. Napoleon’s government...
📅 5 Febrüari 1802
In early February, a large French expedition under Charles Leclerc arrived to reassert French authority. Henri Christophe refused to surrender Cap-Français; revolutionary forces set much of the city...
📅 6 Mei 1802
After months of fighting and defections, Toussaint Louverture entered Cap-Français and accepted Leclerc’s authority in exchange for amnesty and guarantees, then retired to his estate. This was a...
📅 7 Yüni 1802
Leclerc had Toussaint Louverture arrested after inviting him to a meeting, despite the recent settlement and assurances of safety. Toussaint and members of his family were sent to France and...
📅 13 Òktober 1802
Alexandre Pétion and Clervaux deserted the French side and joined the insurgency, followed by troops under their command. Their choice reflected mounting fear that French rule would strip Black and...
📅 29 Novèmber 1803
At Fort-Dauphin, Dessalines, Christophe, and Clervaux signed a declaration vowing that Saint-Domingue would no longer live under French domination. This November proclamation preceded the formal Act...
📅 17 Febrüari 1807
After the conflict following Dessalines’s assassination, Henri Christophe’s northern State of Haiti adopted a constitution on 17 February 1807, while Alexandre Pétion’s southern and western Republic...
📅 28 Mart 1811
A constitutional act transformed Christophe’s northern state into the Kingdom of Haiti. He was crowned Henry I on 2 June. Christophe’s government built schools, fortifications, and state institutions,...
