📅 7 Yüni 2012
The Beijing summit granted Afghanistan observer status, widening its institutional relationship with the organization without making it a member. The decision recognized Afghanistan’s central place in...
📅 13 Novèmber 2001
Northern Alliance forces entered Kabul as Taliban forces withdrew. The rapid collapse of Taliban control followed U.S. air power, local alliances, and the pre-existing Afghan opposition; it did not by...
📅 5 Desèmber 2001
Afghan delegates at UN-sponsored talks signed an agreement creating an interim administration and a roadmap for a new political order. The Taliban were excluded, and representation among Afghan...
📅 13 Yüni 2002
Delegates to the Emergency Loya Jirga chose Hamid Karzai to lead the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan. The assembly was an Afghan political institution, but was formed in a post-invasion...
📅 11 Ougùstùs 2003
NATO took command of the UN-mandated International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), initially operating in and around Kabul. The alliance’s first mission beyond the Euro-Atlantic area later...
📅 4 Yanüari 2004
The Constitutional Loya Jirga approved a new constitution establishing an elected presidency, a legislature and a formally Islamic republic. The process created institutions for the post-Taliban...
📅 9 Òktober 2004
Hamid Karzai won Afghanistan’s first direct presidential election under the new constitution. The vote marked a major institutional change, while insecurity, unequal access to power and dependence...
📅 2 Yüni 2010
Afghan delegates gathered for a three-day Consultative Peace Jirga to discuss a path toward ending the conflict. The process showed Afghan efforts to shape negotiations, though women and other...
📅 18 Yüni 2013
President Hamid Karzai announced the final tranche of the transition process, placing Afghan security forces in the lead nationwide while ISAF shifted toward a supporting role. Afghan forces assumed...
