đź“… 7 June 2012
The Beijing summit granted Afghanistan observer status, widening its institutional relationship with the organization without making it a member. The decision recognized Afghanistan’s central place in...
đź“… 13 November 2001
Northern Alliance forces entered Kabul as Taliban forces withdrew. The rapid collapse of Taliban control followed U.S. air power, local alliances, and the pre-existing Afghan opposition; it did not by...
đź“… 5 December 2001
Afghan delegates at UN-sponsored talks signed an agreement creating an interim administration and a roadmap for a new political order. The Taliban were excluded, and representation among Afghan...
đź“… 13 June 2002
Delegates to the Emergency Loya Jirga chose Hamid Karzai to lead the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan. The assembly was an Afghan political institution, but was formed in a post-invasion...
đź“… 11 August 2003
NATO took command of the UN-mandated International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), initially operating in and around Kabul. The alliance’s first mission beyond the Euro-Atlantic area later...
đź“… 4 January 2004
The Constitutional Loya Jirga approved a new constitution establishing an elected presidency, a legislature and a formally Islamic republic. The process created institutions for the post-Taliban...
đź“… 9 October 2004
Hamid Karzai won Afghanistan’s first direct presidential election under the new constitution. The vote marked a major institutional change, while insecurity, unequal access to power and dependence...
đź“… 2 June 2010
Afghan delegates gathered for a three-day Consultative Peace Jirga to discuss a path toward ending the conflict. The process showed Afghan efforts to shape negotiations, though women and other...
đź“… 18 June 2013
President Hamid Karzai announced the final tranche of the transition process, placing Afghan security forces in the lead nationwide while ISAF shifted toward a supporting role. Afghan forces assumed...
