Historische Organisatie
British Raj
British Raj
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Indian war service deepens demands for political reform
📅 1 Januari 1917India’s contribution of soldiers, labor, funds, and supplies intensified calls for political change. British wartime promises of gradual self-government were met with limited reforms and continued...
British troops massacre civilians at Jallianwala Bagh
📅 13 April 1919Brigadier Reginald Dyer ordered troops to fire on an unarmed gathering in Amritsar, killing hundreds. The massacre followed repressive wartime laws and protests against detention without trial. It...
Government of India Act promises limited reform after wartime repression
📅 23 December 1919The Act introduced dyarchy in provincial government and expanded legislative participation, while reserving key powers to British authorities. It followed Indian wartime service, the Rowlatt Act,...
Salt March begins a new campaign of civil disobedience
📅 12 Maart 1930Gandhi and a group of volunteers set out from Sabarmati toward the Arabian Sea to defy the colonial salt monopoly. Salt taxation burdened ordinary households and made a visible focus for mass protest....
Gandhi begins the Salt March against British colonial law
📅 12 Maart 1930Mahatma Gandhi and 78 volunteers left Sabarmati Ashram for the coastal village of Dandi to challenge the British salt tax and monopoly. The march turned an everyday necessity into a mass...
British government declares India at war without consulting Indian representatives
📅 3 September 1939The Viceroy announced India was at war with Germany on the same day Britain entered the conflict. Indian political leaders and the legislature had not been consulted. The decision exposed the limits...
Britain brings India into the war without elected Indian consent
📅 3 September 1939When Britain declared war on Germany, Viceroy Linlithgow announced that India was at war without consulting elected Indian representatives. Indian soldiers, workers, taxpayers, and resources would...
Quit India resolution demands an end to British rule
📅 8 Augustus 1942The All-India Congress Committee adopted the Quit India resolution in Bombay, calling for British withdrawal and mass nonviolent resistance. The colonial government immediately arrested Gandhi and...
Congress adopts the Quit India resolution
📅 8 Augustus 1942The All-India Congress Committee adopted the Quit India resolution in Bombay on 8 August, demanding an end to British rule; Gandhi urged mass nonviolent struggle. British authorities arrested national...
Viceroy Wavell visits famine-stricken Bengal
📅 26 Oktober 1943New Viceroy Archibald Wavell visited Calcutta as famine devastated Bengal. War priorities, colonial procurement and shipping policies, inflation, crop disruption, and unequal access to food...
Royal Indian Navy ratings strike against colonial conditions
📅 18 Februari 1946Ratings at the HMIS Talwar signal school in Bombay stopped work over poor conditions and discriminatory treatment. The strike spread to ships and shore establishments, joining service grievances...
British India is partitioned as India and Pakistan become independent
📅 15 Augustus 1947The end of British rule created the states of India and Pakistan amid hurried border drawing, mass migration, and communal violence. Millions crossed newly imposed borders; many were killed,...