Balinese forces ambushed the Dutch expedition in what Dutch sources called the “betrayal of Lombok.” That label casts an invasion as Dutch victimhood. The episode followed Dutch intervention in...
After the August ambush, Dutch forces opened a major campaign against Mataram. Dutch accounts cast the operation as restoring order, while it advanced colonial control over Lombok and led to severe...
The ruler of Mataram surrendered after Dutch attacks. Dutch forces seized gold, manuscripts, weapons, and ceremonial objects. The “Lombok treasure” later entered Dutch museums as war booty, showing...
